What is the difference between Encoding and Hashing?

Encoding (e.g., Base64, Hex) is a reversible process designed for data transport and compatibility. Hashing (e.g., SHA-256, MD5) is a one-way deterministic function that creates a unique fingerprint of the data.

Why is BCRYPT better for passwords than SHA-256?

BCRYPT is intentionally slow and incorporates a unique random salt into every execution, protecting password stores against brute-force and rainbow table attacks.

Is my input data stored or logged?

No. All conversions happen statelessly during request execution and no data is saved to disk, databases, or logs.

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Cryptographic Hashes

MD5 – A 128-bit (32-character) hash function. While no longer considered collision-resistant for cryptographic security, it remains widely used for fast checksum verification of files.

SHA-1 – A 160-bit (40-character) algorithm. Formerly popular in security protocols, it is now deprecated in favor of stronger SHA-2 algorithms.

SHA-256 – A 256-bit (64-character) industry standard part of the SHA-2 family. Used globally in SSL/TLS certificates, digital signatures, and cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin.

SHA-512 – A 512-bit (128-character) high-security hash function designed for high-end cryptographic security and sensitive data verification.

CRC32 (Checksum) – An 8-character polynomial checksum used to detect accidental data transmission errors, rather than securing data against tampering.

BCRYPT – An adaptive password hashing algorithm. It automatically incorporates a random salt each time, ensuring the resulting hash is unique every single run to prevent rainbow table attacks.

Data Encodings

Base64 – Encodes binary data into 64 ASCII printable characters. Essential for embedding media or transferring binary data across text-only channels like email.

Base32 – Similar to Base64, but uses a 32-character uppercase alphabet (A-Z and 2-7) for compatibility with case-insensitive systems.

Hexadecimal (Hex) – Represents each byte as two hexadecimal digits (0-9 and A-F). Commonly used by developers to represent memory addresses and color codes.

Decimal (Base10) – Converts each character in the string to its corresponding decimal ASCII or Unicode code point.

Octal (Base8) – Converts character code points into base-8 (digits 0-7) representation.

Binary (Base2) – Converts text directly into raw computer-readable 8-bit binary 0s and 1s.

URL Encode – Replaces spaces and special characters with percent-encoded equivalents (e.g., space becomes %20) for safe transmission in web addresses.

HTML Entities – Converts characters like <, >, and & into safe HTML entities to prevent XSS vulnerabilities and rendering issues.

Ciphers & Fun

Reversed Text – Flips the entire string in reverse order.

ROT13 Cipher – A classic Caesar cipher variant that rotates ASCII letters by 13 positions in the alphabet.

ROT47 Cipher – An extended ROT cipher that rotates 47 visible ASCII characters, including numbers and punctuation marks.

Atbash Cipher – An ancient Hebrew substitution cipher that reverses the alphabet mapping (A↔Z, B↔Y, etc.).

Leetspeak (1337) – An internet subculture text format that substitutes standard letters with visually similar numbers (e.g., E→3, A→4, T→7).

Morse Code – Translates text into sequences of dots and dashes used in early telegraph communications.

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